非物理类理工学科大学物理课程教学基本要求(正式报告稿)

物理基础课程教学基本要求（合理论教学和实验教学部分）即将由教育部发布．本刊自本期起特设“物理基础课程教学基本要求专栏”，陆续刊登基本要求全文以及有关文章．[编者按]     

The Second Law of Thermodynamic in Quantum System

The second law of thermodynamics is one of the most fundamental and for-reaching laws of physics. It teaches us that when a closed system undergoes a thermodynamic process the entropy of the system never decreases; it increases, or at least remains constant. If the entropy increases the thermodynamic process is irreversible, otherwise it is reversible. Only ideal thermal process is reversible. In classical world a great number of facts have proved the second law is true. But in quantum world since the quantum coherence and correlations exist we are not sure the second law is still true, at least in principle. This is because that： 1. on the microscopic level the irreversibility is conflict with the reversibility of all fundamental physical laws ; 2. there are not enough evidences to show it is true in quantum world.     

从圆内接三角形面积想到的

首先证明了正三角形的外接椭圆中面积最小的是一个圆.进而用初等方法证明了二维情形的F.John定理.     

K-拟可加模糊数值积分的自连续性

本文在K-拟可加模糊测度空间上建立了K-拟可加模糊数值积分,利用其积分转换定理和诱导算子的性质,将这种积分整体看成可测空间上取值于模糊值和集函数,从而使得这种模糊积分不仅具有自连续性,而且也满足逆自连续性。这些特性能更好地描述模糊值可测函数列和K-拟可加模糊数值积分序列的收敛性。     

Hajek—Renyi不等式的推广及其应用

对Hajek-Renyi不等式进行了推广，利用推广的不等式给出了随机变量序列绝对平均意义下的强大数定律的一个条件．     

Hilbert Space of Probability Density Functions Based on Aitchison Geometry

The set of probability functions is a convex subset of L1 and it does not have a linear space structure when using ordinary sum and multiplication by real constants. Moreover, difficulties arise when dealing with distances between densities. The crucial point is that usual distances are not invariant under relevant transformations of densities. To overcome these limitations, Aitchison＇s ideas on compositional data analysis are used, generalizing perturbation and power transformation, as well as the Aitchison inner product, to operations on probability density functions with support on a finite interval. With these operations at hand, it is shown that the set of bounded probability density functions on finite intervals is a pre-Hilbert space. A Hilbert space of densities, whose logarithm is square-integrable, is obtained as the natural completion of the pre-Hilbert space.     

罗尔定理证明一类存在性问题

提出罗尔定理证明一类存在性问题的方法,采用拉格朗日中值定理或柯西中值定理来证明这类问题往往需要构造精巧的辅助函数,我们还指出了这种方法的一般性.     

拓扑线性空间中的Drop定理和Phelps引理以及Ekeland变分原理

将Phelps引理,Ekland变分原理,Pareto有效性定理推广到拓扑线性空间,同时证明了这三个定理与郑喜印证明的拓扑线性空间中的Drop定理彼此等价.     

Caristi 不动点定理的推广及应用

本文推广了古典的Garisti不动点定理,作为应用,古典的Ekeland变分原理得到了推广,并且证明了推广的Garisti不动点定理和推广的Ekeland变分原理是等价的．     

慢速饮酒血液中酒精含量的数学模型

描述的是在一定时间内慢慢地匀速喝完一定数量酒的问题,并建立了相应的数学模型.同时也建立了快速饮酒的数学模型,以及证明了在各次饮酒后的某时刻酒精含量的可叠加性.